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Lesson 9 of 14 · about 10 minutes

Knowing Your Guest

After this lesson you will be able to place your team's service on the four rungs of anticipation, build a guest profile that is checked against the person in front of you, and tell recognition from surveillance.


The idea

Anticipation is attention applied to a specific guest across hours, days and sometimes years, with the patience to know who they are before they ask. Luc Delafosse, then at Waldorf Astoria Beverly Hills, calls hospitality the craft of knowing in advance what guests need and want. The chapter teaches how that knowing is built, how it is kept current, and where it tips over into surveillance.

Amit Majumder gave me the sentence that marks the top of the practice.

“True luxury is having what you’re merely thinking about be presented to you before you voice that desire.” Amit Majumder, then general manager of Jumeirah Vittaveli, Maldives

The chapter sorts the practice into four rungs. Reactive: the guest asks and the property delivers well. Proactive: the team notices a need before it is spoken and acts without asking permission. Predictive: the property uses what it has recorded across visits to meet a need the guest has not yet expressed. Generative: the property imagines an experience the guest could not have requested because it had not occurred to them. Most operations live on the first two rungs. The ones in this book reach the third and fourth regularly, and they got there in order: noticing before systems, systems before culture.

Two moments from the chapter show the ends of that ladder. At Six Senses Douro Valley, a young American guest with a serious peanut allergy arrived nervous for her first meal. The server told her the kitchen already knew, and as she left he handed her a card he had written in Portuguese explaining the allergy, so she could eat anywhere in the valley by handing it to a manager. Nicholas Yarnell told me the card cost nothing and brought her to tears. At Raffles Dubai, Ayman Gharib’s team learned that a regular guest was about to visit another Raffles property abroad for the first time, so they flew his usual butler there to be waiting at the door. The guest had not asked because he had not imagined it was possible. The gesture cost a plane ticket and has been retold for decades.

Between those two moments sits the ordinary work. Krister Svensson described how Marriott tracks preferences across its portfolio so a pillow noted in Singapore is on the bed in Bangkok. Taljinder Singh, early in his career at the Taj in New Delhi, was expected to know the history of the top 250 guests from memory. Philip Barnes supplies the caution every profile needs.

“One of the dangers of personalization is that a guest history only tells you a snapshot of time. It doesn’t tell you where they are today, so you have to regularly validate certain information that you have about your guest.” Philip Barnes, then general manager of The Savoy, London

The line between recognition and surveillance is drawn by restraint. The guest who finds the right pillow is delighted. The guest whose wine has been chosen for them from one order two years ago is unsettled. The operators in this book collect data with a named purpose, use it only where it removes friction, reveal it only through service, decline any surprise that would feel invasive, and give the guest an easy way to correct what the property holds.

For an assistant manager, a sous chef or a team lead, the idea asks you to run the ladder at the scale you control. Make sure what your team learns about a guest on one shift reaches the next shift and the next visit. Check what the file says against the person in front of you, every time. And give your team room to propose the occasional absurd idea, because the butler on the plane began as one.

Think it through

  1. Where does what your team learns about a guest during a shift go, and would the next shift find it?
  2. Which rung of the ladder did your last three memorable guest moments sit on, and what would the next rung up have looked like?
  3. What does your operation currently hold about a returning guest that may no longer be true, and who checks?
  4. Think of a time your team revealed too much of what it knew about a guest, and write down how the guest reacted.

This week

Keep a handover sheet for five shifts that captures one observation per guest interaction and passes it forward so the next shift can act on it.

  1. Start a single page, on paper or in a shared note, with three columns: the guest, what was noticed, and the specific moment of service the note is meant to enable.
  2. During each shift, add one line for every guest you or your team learned something about: a drink, a pace, a reason for the visit, a mention of a family member.
  3. At handover, read the page to the incoming shift and ask them to act on at least one line before that guest leaves.
  4. For any returning guest, check the line in person before acting on it, with a question rather than an assumption.
  5. On the fifth day, count how many lines were acted on and, where you can, ask the guests whether the gesture felt right.

Look for whether the share of lines acted on rises across the week, and treat any gesture a guest found unsettling as the marker of where the restraint line sits in your operation.

In the book

Chapter 9 holds the full stories and the full argument: Pinar Kartal Timer’s team reading a visiting writer’s public interviews to produce a chocolate box embossed with the cover of their latest novel, Mahmoud Skaf on never saying no to a request, Alexander Pichel on asking the right questions at every point of the stay, Daniel Boulud’s maître d’ as the memory of the room across decades of regulars, the briefing before service in which serious kitchens review every table on the books, and the five part posture on recognition and surveillance set out in full.

Self check

Five questions. Pick an answer to see the explanation.

1. A housekeeper notices a guidebook of local walks on the bedside table and tells the concierge, who has a route ready before the guest asks. Which rung of the anticipation ladder is this?

2. Why does Philip Barnes insist on regularly validating guest profiles?

3. Which use of guest data crosses from recognition into something the guest may find unsettling?

4. A property installs an expensive guest database but has not yet trained its team to notice or given them authority to act. What does the chapter predict?

5. The Six Senses server wrote a peanut allergy card in Portuguese for a guest to hand to restaurants outside the hotel. What does the chapter draw from the story?